Monday, April 5th, 1999

Announcements: All Dan's sections have a quiz on Friday on North and South America

Lecture notes:
I. Definitions of War
    A. Standard - a realitively severe violent confrontation between military forces
                            representing two or more states
        1. Must have state status
        2. Civil War is treated differently
    B. Karl von Clausewitz
        1. 19th century Prussian strategist
        2. Widow published his incomplete notes after his death
        3. He had three defintions of war
            a. War is a continuation of politics by other means
                -war is politics because their goals are the same
            b. War is nothing but a duel on a larger scale
            c. In the whole range of human activities war is best represented by a game of cards
        4. He did not focus well on how states act during war
        5. He was the best at looking at war analytically
        6. All his definitions are good, but are not coherent
II. Theories of War
     A. Systemic
        1. Power based
        2. War is about power
        3. Theories for causes of war focused until recently
        4. The first three are based on the balance of pwer
        5. System is a unit of anylasis
        6. States are important actors
    B. Balance of Power (Standard)
        1. War occurs because one state is trying to becomes dominant, and the other
            becomes the other states for coalitation
        2. All states fight for room in system problems occurs when one state fights for
            dominance
            a. What happened during W.W.II
III. Bipolar Balance of Power
    A. Kenneth Waltz
        1. Balance of power works most efficiently with two states
        2. When you have two states that cancel each other out
        3. Least effective with more states involved
        4. Good example wa the Cold War
        5. The most stable system
    B. Multipolar
        1. Most stablewith more than two dueling states
        2. Kaplin and Singer
        3. After Napoleon era
        4. Many strong countries
        5. No one wants to fight against strong corallations
    C. What the difference is between two theories?
        1. Bipolar is more likely to act unrational
        2. Multipolar- more likely you are who does not want war
    D. More uncertain you are about the conflict, the more adverse the conquences
  IV. Power Transition Theory
      A. Period when Mediterranean is Roman Empire rules ,
      B. One big and powerful country with the other small students
      C. Hegemony
      D. Big State realizes they can get their way
      E. Predicts war in a specific way

(Example: W.W.II) Great Britian and Greece

    F. Reseachers try to find examples to fit one theory, more than others
        1. None really work
        2. Theories tell you when states compete; if they will win
        3. Limited empirical applications
        4. Beaucray uses theories to rationalize
        5. According to theories it tells how to determine
V. State-level
    A. Set of rules, who is most powerful
    B. Divisinary (Wag the Dog)
        1. A leader engages in an international conflict in order to differ attention from
            domestic problems.
           a. Expect to occur
            b. Usually go like this when there is a democratic government
        2. Stalin -domestic unrest, shot his opponents
            a. Democracies are more likey to fight
    C. Democratic Peace
        1. Democracies are just as likely to fight as other states, just not with each other
        2. Democracies share similar ideologies
        3. Most democracies are richer and therefore depend on free-trade
        4. They don't have anything to fight about--- they tend to have similar values and
            opponents