Wednesday, February 24th, 1999

Announcements: Turned in paper #1; You will need to bring a blank blue book for exam next Wednesday

Lecture notes:
I. Facism
    A. Third type of ideology that drives international politics
    B. Least important
       1. Has the fewest number of states that practice it
       2. These states generally didn't practice the ideology very long
    C. It is viewed as a bad ideology because it is associated with Hitler
    D. Least developed of the ideologies and most impractical
        1. It doesn't hold together well
    E. It is name comes from an power symbol used in ancient Rome
        1. Uses symbols and structures of anciet times, but applies modern tools to them.
    F. Developed around the time socialism did
        1. Both were a reaction to industrialism
        2. Both treat the same social ills
    G. Disslocation
        1. What happened when peasants moved from the countryside to the city
        2. People learn survival and social skills for one area, then move to another and these skills
            hinder them, not help.
    H. Facism glorifies inequality
        1. Socialism stresses equality among all
        2. Facism plays on times in a countries past that people think fondly of, usually this is during
            a time of hierachy.
        Example: In Italy, Facists glorified the ancient Roman civilization during the period
                       before World War II started.
        3. Germans glorified the period when feudal system governed the country.
            a. During this time, bands of knights roamed the countryside, invading surrounding
                groups, like the Poles.
     I. Used the technique of bring people together for large rallies, so they would feel like a part
        of a community.
        1. Hitler used this technique extensively, and was very successful with it.
        2. Believed that the whole was greater than the sum of its parts.
     J. The main goal of a facism is to expand.
        1. The problem with this is that facism can not generally work independently
        2. It needs an enemy/oppositional force to function properly
        3. This fact makes the ideology inherently aggressive.
    K. Facism is usually found in nations that had problems
        1. Hilter wanted to give people more land, so they could return to farms to live a better life.
    L. Implies the requirement of certain ethnic identity to create a bond
        1. Hitler took this to an extreme with ethnic cleansing
        2. The Holocast took the lives of 12 million people (6 million Jews, and 6 million others,
            including Poles, Catholics and anyone who opposed Hilter's rule)
        3. Italy resisted sending Jews to concentration camps
        4. Jews living in France were more liking to be sent to concentration camps than those
            living in Italy.
    M. During this time, Facism is thought to be the answer to dislocation.
    N. Modern leaders find it harmful for then to claim they are leading a facists government
        because of its association with Hilter.
II. Confucianism
    A. It is an Asian concept
    B. It is a very complicated theory because some believe it is a religion, others believe it is an
        ethnic guide.
    C. Its goals are unclear
    D. Two types of people in society of Confucianism
        1. Those educated to become government officials
        2. Everyone else
    E. In Europe, feudalism was lead by war
    F. China system was lead through education
   G. It contained a list of suggestions that instructed a person how to carry out duties
        1. Believes that every aspect of life was effected by others
    H. It's basic principles are not universial
    I. Has a very clear "Golden Rule", but it is written in the opposite way from the version in the
        Western World
        1. Means the same thing
        2. Obligations to "others" is also different
            a.It depends on who the "other" is, where they are in the social ladder
        3. It creates a "Golden Rule" for ethics
    J. Government is seen as a family
        1. Emperor is the father.
    K. It is still practiced in China, because it has such a hard time governing
    L. In 1989, Westerners didn't realize that students had been demonstrating every summer
        1. They wanted democracy, but in a restricted form
        2. Didn't want voting rights fro peasants, or the lower class
        3. Students felt they should be heard, because they were being educated to take over the
            government, and society under Confucianism.
III.  Expectations for Exam on March 3
    A. You will be given two essay questions, you only have to choose one to write about
        1. Be sure to come prepared to answer any of the essay questions.
        2. You should expect to use about 30 minutes on this part of the test
    B. There will also be a part of 18 or so short answer questions, you will be expected to
        answer 10-12
        1. Questions will be taken from bolded material in book
        2. Don't just answer with the definition
            a. Must identify why it is relvent
            b. Give examples
    C. Information will not be on the mid term, only the final.
IV. Essay Questions
    A. Should human rights be included as a major facet of United States foreign policy? Take a
        stand and defend your answer logically using the materials in the course (opinions are not
        enough). What would realism and liberalism have to say about the US concern about
        human rights abuses in Kosovo, Rwanda and elsewhere?
    B. Explain the concept of power. Explain how states use and are influenced by power.
        Identify similarities and differences between power in domestic and international politics
        and distinguish power and influence. What are the most important component of state
        power? Select an indicator of power and explain why it is preferable to alternative
        measures.
    C. NATO ( the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) can be seen either as a collection of
        states or as an international organization greater than the sum of its parts. Is NATO an
        international "actor" in its own right or is it just a convenient representative of its members?
        How would a liberal and a realist differ in their interpretatin of NATO? Justify your
        interpretation of NATO in terms of the recent expansion as well as the continuing
        existence of the alliance (i.e. subsequent to the end of the cold war and the collapse of the
        USSR)
    D. Everyone knows the idea matter in politics, but how much? Take a stance and argue either
        that ideas drive international politics or that other factors (i.e material causes such as
        economics) are much more important. Make sure that your argument is informed by the
        discussion of ideas in the text and in lecture and defend you position against alternatives.