Friday, February 19th, 1999

Announcements: Papers are due on Wednesday.  Try to focus on one issue and you can use first person. Spend about a page or less on the countries background. The length of the paper should be 5-7 pages.
    There will be a map quiz next Friday on Europe, including Turkey.

Lecture notes:
I. France
    A. Where the Kosovo peace conference is being held.
    B. Major nation in both NATO and UN.
        1. Of the permanent members on the Security Council
        2. Pulled out from under the US nuclear umbrella in the 1970s because of a
            disagreement.
    C. Has labor problems, especially with in the agricultural industry.
        1. Agriculture is protected by tariffs.
II. Germany
    A. Recently Germany's leader was defeated in election.
        1. He was the longest serving leader since Bismarck, who ruled in the 1870s when
            untied Germany.
    B. German soldiers will be taking part in the peacekeeping mission in Kosovo.
        1. Marks the first time that German soldiers have left Germany since WWII.
        2. There is a clause in the German constitution that prohibits German soldier to be
            sent outside of Germany.
            a. It was amended a few years ago when German sent air support to Iraq in
                support of the US's efforts there.
    C. Europe is nervous about German military powers, because of its track record.
        1. During WWI, German fighting tactics hadn't evolved enough to adapt to the
            new machinery used.
        2. Generals believed that if soldiers had fighting spirit no machine will defeat
            them.
        3. During WWI, Germans tried to attack France from the North, and once that
            was done, they were going to fight the Russians on the east.
            a. The plan never worked, even though they defeated the Russians.
            b. Most of the battles were fought in the North of France.
            c. Allies never reached German soil.
        4. WWII marked the rise of Hitler and fascism.
        5. French are especially weary because throughout history every time Germany
            has had a strong military they invaded France.
     D. France and German have deep seeded difference that are not just because of
          their past, but also due to economic reasons.
        1. Germans are afraid of inflation --- they would rather have high rates of
            unemployment in exchange for low inflation rates.
        2. France is the exact opposite, they rather have high inflation rates in exchange for low
            unemployment.
    E. In European Union doesn't have an escape clause.
        1. If there is a recession, no one doesn't know what will be done.
        2. European Union's currency being used for credit cards and bank to bank loans.
        3. Currency won't be printed for another year
III. United Kingdom
    A. Permanent member of the UN security council
    B. A lot of controversy is surrounding the country right now, because they are know for
        letting political refugees come there.
        1. Currently the former leader of Chile is living in London.
        2. Charges against him by a judge in Spain for crimes during his reign
        3. He left Chile to let it become a democracy
        4. They want to extradite him
        5. Debate over what to do because of its huge implications on international law.
IV. Spain
    A. Had a civil war in 1930s.
        1. Fascists defeated Nationalists
   B.  First fascists nation in Europe
   C. In 1980s became a democracy
   D. There is a lot of ancient Muslim art
   E. Madrid was a center for art during Renaissance
V. Italy
    A. Aren't permanent members of the UN Security Council
    B. Slowing has been loosing economic and military power
    C. Northern Italy is really industrialized
        1. Main source of modern economy
    D. Southern Italy is where there is major corruption
    E. Started both WW on the side of the Germans, but switched have way through when
        Germans were loosing.
VI. Poland
    A. Around during Middle Ages as an independent nation
    B. Came and went at the will of Russia and Germany
VII. Former Yugoslavia
    A. Kosovo is located on the Northern coast of Albania
    B. Most are ethnic Albanians that live in Kosovo
VIII. Greece and Turkey
    A. A lot of tension between the two countries exist today because of the long history they
        have.
    B. Crypus is part of Greece
        1. Was invaded by Turkey in 1974
        2. Both countries occupy it today.
    C. Both countries are members of NATO
    D. Both countries  are democracies
          1. It is very important that they keep the peace because they are both member of NATO
             and democracies, and no other countries under either classification have ever gone to
            war with each other.
    E. Turkey has a large Muslim population
    F. Turkey wants to become part of Europe so it can be secular
         1. Can't because it will make the Muslim population upset
         2. Military constitution has to be in place to keep government secular.
IX. Jordan
    A. New King has pledged himself to Hasamits
    B. They are the defenders of the faith and holy lands
        1. Saudi Arabia was upset because the holy lands are there
    C. Islamic history has had shifts in power centers
        1. Mecca/Medina then to Baghdad then to Syria
    D. Jordan is in a poor position in the Middle East because it has no oil
        1. Has a tourist/service economy
        2. It is very easily affected, especially during times of tension
    E. Hussein signed peace agreement with Israel
        1. 90% of the population is Palestinian.
        2. They tend to support the PLO and Iraq
    F. Big questions:
        1. What will Adbullah do?
        2. How will he divide domestic and international relations?
    G. Israel was originally supposed to be divided into a country that was half Palestinian and
         half Israeli.
        1. Palestinians said they wanted all or nothing
    H. A Palestinian State is bad for Jordan.