Wednesday, January 27, 1999
Announcements: None

Lecture notes:
 
I. Rwanda

    A. A. small country in Africa, with a population of a few million people.
    B. Very poor
    C. Multicultural population made up mainly of two groups: the Tutsi and the Hutus
    D. The Hutus are now in power, but for many years were under Tutsi rule
    E. The Tutsi are the minority, but ruled the country for many years; under European rule they
         were the "Go betweens" for the Europeans to the Hutus
    F. The Tutsi fled Rwanda when Hutus came to power, but returned after they formed a
        rebellious army.
    G. The Hutus were losing so they decided to kill the Tutsi.
        1. In a 100 day period the Hutus killed over 800,000 Tutsi with farming tools such as
            hoes and knifes.
    H. The Hutus resent the Tutsi because they had better land and they were in power for so long.
    I. The Hutus killed more people in per day then Hitler did during W.W.II.
 
II. Why didn't the United States help??
    A. President Clinton told the people in Rwanda that we did not know what was going on there.
    B. The truth is that he did know because the U.S. had soldiers there as part of a United
        Nations peace-keeping mission.
    C. The United Nations pulled the troops when problems started to escalate.
    D. The United States choose not to act; it wouldn't have taken much effort on the part of the
        U.S. to stop the Hutus, because they were killing with farming tools.
    E. Clinton did not want to do anything because he was afraid of having another Somalia.
    F. The United States government has a gift for not doing things; but it can do great things if they
        are pushed by the public.
    G. Because the United States can not help everyone, they must sometimes "look" the other
        way and ignore a situation so that you don't feel like you have to do something about it.
    H. The United States' foreign policy is based on national interests--or in other words the
        interest of the people.
    I. The responsibility of policing international relations falls on the individual states, because there
        is no international  institution for policing other states.
 
III.  The Role of the Media
    A. Because the world is so big, it is impossible for people to know what is going on
        everywhere, so they must rely on the media for information.
    B. The media plays a large role in international relations.
    C. Journalists found piles of bodies in abandoned U.N. peace-keeping compounds, where the
         Tutsi fled during the 100 days of killing.
    D. Leaders of rebellious groups in countries where they don't want UN peace keepers have
        found the best way to get rid of them is to kill a few of their soldiers in the most horrific way
        possible and do it so that the media can send pictures all around the world.
 
IV. Nationalism
    A. Nation- a body of people who believe that they have racial, ethnic, religious, linguistic, or
        cultural reasons for a common political identity or purpose. (Social)
    B. State- A legal geopolitical entity that has a permanent population, defined territory, and a
        legitimate government. (Political)
    C. Nation-State- a nation with a political construct, i.e., territorially defined boundaries, legal
        government, foreign recognition, etc.
    D. Ideology of nationalism says that states should be made up of nations.
    E. In Europe, especially before W.W.I, states seldomly represented a common nation.
    F. Goal of nationalism: the creation of identity between states and nations
    G. Can be a positive or negative thing
    H. It is good to have people with common ideals to police themselves
    I. Irredentism- the desire by one nation to annex territory belonging to another, but that the
        first nation believes is historically or ethnically linked to itself. Example: Hitler taking part
        of  the Czech Republic during World War II.