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LARCH 060
Thursday April 8th, 1999
Announcements: none
Lecture notes:
Main points on the lecture from Tuesday's class:
- Penn State was influenced by Beaux Arts, it also had
neo-classical and classic revival
- Lowrie: the first master plan with the quadrangle at the
Pattee area, orderly, grouped by fuction
- Charles Klauder: Developed second master plan, 2 malls,
orderly, grouped by function
- Planning and design expressions influenced the popular
movement
- PSU architecture and planning mixed
- Old Main did not burn down
ESTATES-ECLECTIC (Charles Platt):
Socio-cultural milieu:
- Style is important
- Reaction against machine
- Single-track eclecticism-creating harmony among parts
- There was not anything driving this movement
Design Expression:
- Italian villa
- Use of sight lines from house to gardens
- Geometric, softer edges, orderly, boundaries
- Architectonic-outdoor rooms
- House/grounds integrated
- Gradation to parklike setting (less fully developed area
surrounding house)
- Charles Platt---active at the end of the 19th century.
Took a trip to Italy, inspired by Italian villas. Wrote a
book which was very publicized about Italian
gardens...causing wealthy and mid-class to move to
country to express themselves. Style created a sense of
order
- Timberline: estate in Byrn Mawr, PA, extended terrace
area and stairs to provide indoor/outdoor transition,
orderly, arcade (building---to--semi-enclosed
area----to--outside)
....meanwhile, these ideas are disputed.....
ESTATES-MIDWEST (Jens Jensen), "Prairie
Style":
Land/environment:
- Celebrate regional character, scenery, native paintings
(ecology)
- Conservation mindset
- Very aware of the landscape
Socio-cultural milieu:
- Democratic expression
- Reform (in Chicago)
Design Expression:
- ELS-like, BUT...
- Horizontal expression: (horizon, rock stratification,
branching patterns) to suggest strength of land
- Use of native plants (weeds!!)
- Broad and narrow outdoor rooms
- Organic--work ought to look like it came out of place
itself (looks like it belongs there)
- Example) Fairlane
- Jensen: worked as a gardener up to superintendant of
Chicago park. Objective was to recognize what was already
there (naturalistic using native plant materials), water
usually introducing if it wasn't already there
- Lincoln Park (Illinois):one of few remaining Jensen
parks, set aside area, reserved
- A counsel ring was used in Lincoln Park. It is a place
for people, socializing, contemplating. Often placed at
end of a clearing, sun spaces
- Fairland (Michigan): part of Henry Ford estate. Jensen
was called in because of grading problems (drainage,
water). Then he got involved with whole estate. Created
cascades, damned river for hydroelectric power. Wanted to
reflect/accentuate the land
- In Jensen's late years he developed institution/schools
for learning and contemplation
INDUSTRIAL OR MODERN CITY-"International
Style":
Land/environment:
- Embrace urbanism, make it new, perfect (utopia)
Socio-cultural milieu:
- Respect for the machine, industrialization
- New materials
- Embrace autos
- City is "society in progress", always moving
forward
- Designer/planner is social engineer
Design/Planning expression:
- Regional scale-small, intimate scale
- Comprehensive: broke the 3 broad areas down
(kindergardens, sport facilities, art schools, etc...)
- New forms
- Get down to the level of the person
- People would own and control the city. The city would be
sited in an area where it could access all
resources...also, cities would require great regulation.
They also wanted free access to schools, transportation
and buildings
- Cite' Industrielle: (Tony Garnier) , clustered buildings
together by function...factories, heart of city with
houses and schools, health facilities, explored new
materials (concrete), wanted buildings to be dignified
with people so they used a lot of green, wanted to
balance the aesthetic for comfort
- Expression of function and mass production
- Orderly, rational
- Skyscraper , "City in the park"
- Examples) Plan Voisin in Paris and Radiant City by le
Corbusier
.....Garnier's ideas were never fully embraced....
- Le Corbusier: studied Garnier, visited Garnier and
experimented with his ideas, embraced machine. Balance
people and machine, art of the future reflecting mass
production, social harmony. Believed that planning should
be a rationally studied science and only studied by
people who understood it. Felt that the city should be
split by function/class. Health of the city was
contingent on ability to provide speedy transportation.
"A city that achieves speed achieves success",
use of INTERSECTION, Felt design of dwellings should be
large scale. Ability to personalize within own space
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