Lecture Goals
    Introduce attitudes & attitude change
    Introduce Balance Theory
    Introduce Cognitive Dissonance
    Discuss attitudes and DM
 

Corresponding Reading
    Chapter 9
 
 

Introduction
    Attitudes = _______________________

                    = evaluation about one's feelings

                    = about relationship between _________ and ________
 

    attitudes    è intentions   è    behavior
 
 

    * Underlies work behavior, decisions, leadership, social influence...
 

    Attitudes are learned:

        1) by _____________

        2) by _____________

        3) by _____________
 
 

What Influences Job Satisfaction?
    Job Characteristics

    Supervision

    Pay

    Social Setting

    Gender

    Age

    Education

    Ethnicity

    Personality
 

Effects of Job Satisfaction?
    Turnover

    Performance

    Absence

    Health & Well being

    Life Satisfaction
 

Organizational Commitment
    = about continued participation in org.

    3 Types:
        Affective Commitment
        Continuous Commitment
        Normative commitment
 
 

Affective Commitment

    "_______________"
 

    Worker committed because of :

        - _____________

        - _____________
 
 

Continuous Commitment

    "_______________"
 

    Worker committed because of :

        - _____________

        - _____________
 
 
 

Normative Commitment

    "_______________"
 

    Worker committed because of :

        - _____________

        - _____________
 
 

Balance Theory (Fritz Heider, 1946)

    Attitude change = depends on mismatch between _____ perceptions and _____ perceptions of object
 

    Balance = when friend shares same attitude about some object

                                        Object Attitude            Object Attitude

        You

        Friend
 
 
 

    Balance = when person we dislike has different attitude about some object

                                       Object Attitude            Object Attitude

        You

        Enemy
 
 

    No Balance = when person we like has _______  attitude about an object

                         = when person we dislike has _____ attitude about an object
 

    Regaining Balance = change attitude about _____ or ___________

    Problem with Heider's theory = __________________________
 
 

Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger, 1957)
    Dissonance = disharmony

    Attitude change when:

        - ___________________________

        - ___________________________
 
 

    Attitude change most likely when:

        - ___________________________

        - ___________________________
 
 

    Regaining harmony
        - ___________________________

        - ___________________________

        - ___________________________
 
 

Postdecisional Dissonance
    When you have 2 good alternatives

    Dissonance after choose one:

        Other's attractiveness ________________

                    AND/OR

        Selected's attractiveness ____________
 
 

    Fill-In Brehm (1956) Graph below
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    In organizations:
        1) Reject good alternative
        2) Devalue rejected alternative
        3) Chosen alternative not work out
        4) Other (originally good) alternative NOT reconsidered!!
 
 

Disconfirmed Expectancies
    People invest resources (time, $$)

    Investments don't work out
 
 

    What do people do??

        - _____________________

        - _____________________

        - _____________________
 
 
 
 
 

    Fill-In Staw (1976)Graph below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    Q = Why do this?...Dissonance

        I'm a good DM, but that is not good
 
 

        I am a good DM and _____

            - _______________________
 
             - _______________________
 

 
        People change attitudes to justify past behaviors

    _____commitment & ______________