Lecture Goals
    To introduce training issues
    To introduce factors that affect learning
    To introduce factors that affect transfer
    To introduce evaluation issues

Reading
    Chapter 7

Current Issues
    Multicultural Organizations
    __________ __________
    Social Skills
    Managment (__________) Training
 

Why Train
    __________ explosion
    Motorola - radio to cellular
    Basic literacy and math skills

    1994 - __________ % companies can't change work procedures to é efficiency because of lack of KSAOs
              - __________ % can't update products
 

Who Volunteers for Training?
    Depends on:
        Motivation to learn - Do I need it?
        Peer & Management Support
        ____________________
        __________ -efficacy
        Locus of __________

Job Involvement
    = extent to which the one's job is tied to ____________________
    = extent to which one is psychologically absorbed with the job
    __________ job involvement = __________ participation

Self-efficacy
    = extent to which the one believes that s/he can ______________________________
    __________ self-efficacy = __________ motivation to learn

Locus of Control
    = perception of personal __________ over consequences
    __________ L.O.C = belief that one can control consequences (rewards)
    __________ L.O.C = belief that one can not control consequences (rewards)
 

Content
    Individual Differences
        - 7 types of intelligence
        - attitudes
        - __________
        - presentation format (__________, aural, kinesthetic learners)

Feedback
    No __________ without feedback
    Feedback schedule
    __________ vs. Outcome feedback
 

Active vs. Passive Learning
    Active = requires __________
            - promotes attention to info.
            - requires relevant thought
            - more __________
            - promotes __________

Relate New Info. to Prior Knowledge
        - promotes __________ learning
        - promotes understanding

Provide Overlearning Opportunities (Fill-in graph below)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Training Schedule
    __________ training (relative term)
    Few long sessions + is miss less time working - is é fatigue and ê learning

    __________ training (relative term)
    More short sessions
    + is ê fatigue and é learning
    - disrupts more work days
 

Transfer
    = when KSAOs acquired in one setting affect __________ in another
    Goal of training = ____________________
 

Positive Transfer
    = when previously acquired KSAOs __________ é performance in new setting
 
        Examples
 
 

Negative Transfer
    = when previously acquired KSAOs __________ performance in new setting

        Examples
 
 

    Past learning __________ later learning/perf.
 
 

What Affects Transfer?
    Training-Transfer Setting "Similarities"
    Work Environment
 

What do we mean "Similarities"
    __________ Specificity Phenomenon
    = we remember something best when we're in the environ. where we learned it
    __________ similar the learning and retrieval environments = __________ memory
    Mood & Context effects
 

    Identical __________ Theory
        We learn stimulus-response mappings
        If you see (hear) ___, respond by ___
        __________ = when same relationship is productive in new setting
        __________ = when same relationship is counter-productive in new setting

        Examples
 

    Transfer Through Principles Theory
        We learn __________ and principles
        When _____ apply the _____ strategy/principle to do well
        __________ = when same principles are productive in new setting
        __________ = when same principles are counter-productive in new setting

        Examples
 
 

Work Environment & Transfer
    Do __________ support new KSAO?
    Do __________ support new KSAO?
    Are their opportunities to __________ new KSAO?
    Does __________ system support new KSAOS?
    When no rewards = ____________________
    When punishment = ____________________

    * Can Affect Transfer *
 

Evaluation
    Polaroid - $ 70,000 on basic language and math skills
    10% of organizations assess transfer!!
    FAD training - 'time management'
    How do you know if training program $$ is worth it?

    2 types of Criteria:
        __________ Criteria Assesses:
            Reactions = Did trainees feel it was worth it/enjoy it?
            Learning = Did trainees actually learn?

        __________ Criteria Assesses:
            Job Behavior = Transfer?
            Org. Results = Did training meet org. goals?

        Evaluate __________ Training & Perf. Criteria
 

        When no change in job perf.:
            1) training did not promote é KSAOs? (__________ criteria)
            2) é KSAOs did NOT transfer to job? (__________ criteria)