Lecture Goals
    Introduce social influences
    Introduce conformity
 

Corresponding Readings
    Chapter 12
 
 

Groups at Work
    Formal (prescribed by org.)

       -____________________

        -____________________
 
 

    Informal (NOT prescribed by org.)

        -____________________
 
 

What is Conformity?
    = ___________________________________________________________

  "Come on...everybody is doing it"
 
 

Formal Definition
    When group members use _____________ to get an individual to behave in a desired way
 
 

Normative Social influence
    Norms = ____________________________________

    Norms vs. Roles

    Informal & _____ regulated by org.

    Use social ______________________
 
 

Informational Social influence
    = When ____________________

    Examples:
 
 
 
 
 

Asch (1955) studies

    True subject always responded last

    Confederates correct ___________________

    When confederates pick wrong line so did subject more than ____________
 
 

Most likely to conform when:
    - __________________

    - __________________

    - __________________

    - __________________

    - __________________

    - __________________
 
 

Conformity and Ideas
    Brainstorming
        Group technique for idea generation

        idea = __________________

                 = __________________

        Reality = ______________________
 

    Why Doesn't Brainstorming Work?
        Social pressures ________________

        _________   = time lost on _________________________

                               = less time generating idea

        Shyness
 
 

    Nominal group tech. for Brainstorming
        Individuals generate own ideas silently
        Ideas recorded (blackboard, email)
        Now ideas clarified/evaluated
        Silent/Private vote
        Majority wins
 

    Delphi tech. for Brainstorming
        ______________ to get ideas & opinions
        Tabulate responses
        Report generated and sent out
        Further clarification?
        Members remain _____________
 

    Both Nominal & Delphi tech. = good
        _____ process loss & conformity
  _____ member domination
  _____ groupthink
 
 

Conformity and Decisions
    Groupthink (Janis, 1972)
        = _____________________________________________________

        Examples:
 
 
 
 

    Fill-In Likelihood of Groupthink Graphic Below:

    Groupthink Process
        Leader presents bad idea

        No one want to _________

        Everyone sees everyone ____________

        Person thinks others agree

        Person doubts ____________

        Criticisms rationalized away

        Pressure _______________

        Group makes bad decision
 

  ê Groupthink:
           -  ___________________

           -  ___________________

           -  ___________________

           -  ___________________
 
 
 

    Group Polarization(Lamm & Myers, 1978)
        Members conform toward majority view

        Group takes more ______________________________________________________