Lecture Goals
    Discuss Sleep
    Discuss Dreams
 

Corresponding Readings
    Chapter 7
 
 

Rhythm of Sleep
    Circadian Rhythm = __________________________________
        Examples:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

        Sleep = about 1/3 of lives

        Bodies prefer _____ day

        Bodies prefer ________. of sleep a night

        Part of rhythm = sleep stages
 
 

Stages of Sleep
    Denoted by brain waves/activity

    E.E.G. = electroencephalogram

                = an amplified recording of __________________________________________

                = measured by _______________________________-
 

    Awake & relaxed = alpha waves

    _____________________ = height
 

    _____________________  = # peaks per unit time
                                                     = speed of peaks
 
 

    Stage 1: Light sleep

        - ___________ to wake

        - lasts about ____________

        - breathing rate ________________

        - brain waves slow, more ________________

        - ________________- sensations (fall, float)
 
 
 

    Stage 2: Deeper sleep

        - __________________ to wake

        - lasts about ______________

        - brain waves ____________

        - spindles = ______________________________

        - sleeptalking begins here
 
 
 

    Stage 3: Slow wave sleep

        - ____________ to wake

        - lasts about _________________

        - beginning of delta waves = large/slow
 
 
 

    Stage 4: Deep sleep
        - _______________ to wake

        - ________________ in delta waves

        - bed wetting & sleepwalking
 

Sleepwalking
    _____________ links

    20% children 3 -12

    1/200 adults

    __________ more likely than ______________

    Normal part of maturation process

    Partially awake

    Mixture of brainwave patterns

    Brain still processing info.
        - ______________

        - ______________
 

    Partially asleep
        - not ______________
 

    Lasts 2-10 min.
 
 

Sleeptalking
    Also genetic
    Most likely during _________________
        = unclear, disjointed, unemotional
 

    When during REM sleep
        = ______________________

    Can answer questions & converse

    Can sleeptalking reveal any hidden truths?
 
 

Stages of Sleep
    After Stage 4 sleep
    Return to Stage 3
    Return to stage 2
    REM Sleep
 
 

REM Sleep
    Rapid Eye Movements
        Every 30 sec. closed eyes dart around in burst of activity

        Signals _____________________________________

        ____________ heart and breathing rate

    Motor cortex is ______________

    Brain stem __________________
        - Muscles relaxed, "paralyzed"

    "___________________" - lots of activity w/o any movement
 

Sleep Cycle
    Humans = repeats every 90 min.
    Animals = depends on size
    Duration of REM sleep ______________ with new cycle
    After few hours no Stage 4
    Later no Stage 3
 

Why Do We Sleep?
    - Evolution & survival (e.g., dolphin)

    - _____________________________________

    - _____________________________________

    - _____________________________________
 

Sleep Deprivation
    THON Effects

    Amount sleep _______________ with age

    Go to REM sleep ____________ ("Sleeping like a baby")

    _________________ immune system

    ___________ creativity & problem solving abilities

    _____________ hand tremors & irritability

    ____________ perception and performance

    Promotes ________________
        - Driving (Canada study)
        - Flying
        - Exxon Valdez
        - TMI
 

Sleep Disorders
    Insomnia
        = ___________________________

   To reduce Insomnia _____

        Exercise ____________________

        Relax before sleep (dimmer light)

        _________ snack (milk) if hungry

        Set ___________________

       Avoid naps

        Don’t force ________________

        Avoid ______________________________________
 
 

    Narcolepsy
        = spontaneous ________________________
        Can collapse in sleep
 

    Sleep Apnea
        Intermittently ___________________________

        Sleeper awakes and ___________________

        Sleeper falls asleep

        Cycle repeats many times a night

        Prevents __________________
 
 

    Sleep Terrors/Night Terrors
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

        Person may sit up, walk, or talk
        Person CLEARLY terrified
        Dramatic increase heart & breathing rate
        Don’t wake person just restrain gently
 

Dreams
    Falling Myth
    Usually include ordinary life events
    Often include experiences, thoughts from day (especially first dream)
    Can capture environmental stimuli
        - aware of environment
        - not open to persuasion (e.g., subliminal tapes)
        - can promote associations & recall
 

Why Dream (function)?
    Freud
        - safety valve for __________________

        - key to understanding ______________

        - promoted dream interpretation

        - one of greatest _____________
 

        Latent content = _______________________________
 

        Manifest content  = _______________________________________________________
                                      = promoted dream symbolism
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

    Dreams help organize memories
        - consolidate, integrate, clean-up

            ______ stress day = _______ REM sleep

            ______ learning day = ______ REM sleep
 

        Early night = dreams about _____

        Middle night = about __________________________

        Late night = ______________________________

        Supports dreams promote learning idea??

    Dreams provide brain with ______________
        Develop/preserve neural pathways
        See REM sleep & age
 
 

Why Dream (explanation)?
    Neural activity while sleep = ________________

    Goal of brain = ________________________

    Brain imposes meaning to make sense of neural activity = _______________________________

    Explains inclusion of environmental info. and memorial info. in dreams