Lecture Goals
    Introduce Developmental Psychology
    Introduce Nature vs. Nurture
    Introduce Attachment
 
 

Corresponding Readings
    Chapter 3
 
 

Nature vs. Nurture
    BIG QUESTION
        - Which drives behavior and development?

    Nature = ______________________

    Nurture = _____________________
 
 

    ANSWER
        - ___________
 
 

    Questions about how ________________________

        - __________________

        - __________________
 
 

Assessing the role of Nature
    Family studies
    Adoption studies
    Twin studies
    Twin-Adoption studies
 

    Family studies
        Children receive ___________________ from each parent

        There are ___________ among family members

        Nature or Nurture??

    Twin studies
        Identical Twins vs. Fraternal Twins

        idea = all twins share the _________________

                = identical twins share _______________
 

        If Ident. twins show more similarity = ________
 

        Cognitive abilities = _____________________

        Personality = _________________________

        Do identical twins = identical environment?
 
 

        Adoption studies
            Children more like biological or foster (environmental) siblings/parents?

            Cognitive abilities = more like _____________ siblings/parents

            Psychological disorders = _______________________
 

        Twin-Adoption studies

            Personality = __________________________
 
 

        Genes play a large role in:

            - _____________________

            - _____________________

            - _____________________
 

        ***Does parenting even matter?***
 
 

Assessing the role of Nurture

    Attachment = _____________________________________

                        = _____________________________________
 
 

    Secure vs. Insecure

        Secure = _______________________________

            'bold monkey'

            Stranger anxiety CD
 
 

        Insecure = _____________________________

            - clingy &/or _______________

            - un______________________
 
 

Determinants of Human Attachment
    Physical Contact
    Familiarity
    Parental Responsiveness
    Previous Attachment
    (Temperament)
 
 

    Physical Contact

        Attachment & Nourishment Idea

        Breastfeeding

        Harlow Monkey Studies

        Mom's Touch & Smell vs. See
 
 

    Familiarity

        "Imprinting"

        Bonding rooms

        Critical period for attachment (_______)
 
 
 

  Parental Responsiveness

    __________________________ = securely attached children

    __________________________= insecurely attached children
 
 

    Previous Attachment

        How you were raised affects how you raise your children?
 
 
 
 

    Effects of Attachment
        Securely attached children

            - world is predictable & reliable

            - basic comfort & trust in world
 
 

            Cognitive competence

                - problem solving

                - curiosity/explorative behavior

                - See CD
 
 

            Social competence (basic trust)

                - cooperation

                - obedience

                - peer relationships

                - antisocial behavior
 
 

            Attachment effects relationships

                - secure and trusting attachments

                - insecure and fearful attachments

                - avoidance of attachments
 
 

            Emotional Stability

                - P(behavioral problems)
 
 

            Deprivation of Attachment

                - Neglected, abandoned, abused babies

                    - withdrawn

                    - scared

                    - impaired cog. development
 

                - When adopted into loving home

                    - increased cognitive development

                    - still scared (new kitten)
 
 

            Disruption of Attachment

            - can impair cog. & social development

            - most recover if placed in stable environment

            - multiple foster homes = problematic
 
 
 

            Q - Is day care bad for children?

            A - _______________________
 
 

        Day Care

            - __________________________of maternal employment on child development

            - Parental attachment ________________________
 
 

        Good Day Cares

            - low  _________________________

            - promotes ____________________________

            - ___________

            - ________ stimulating

            - ________

            - _____________ adult caregiver
 
 

        Bottom Line
            Children need _______, __________ relationships with people they can learn to _______
 

        Q - Are the Insecurely Attached Doomed?

        A - _____________________________
 

            BUT __________________________
 
 

Nature + Nurture

    People's __________ can affect their __________

        People seek certain environments

            Examples:
                Warm/cold climates
                Uncanny separated twin stories
 

            Infant's temperament affects attach.

                Difficult child = _____________________________

                How sensitive child is to care giving?
 
 
 

        People's __________ can affect their __________

            Abuse (prolonged extreme stress) changes _______________