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Art History 112
SECTION 3
Thursday April 22, 1999
Announcements:
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the format of the final exam will be approximately
as follows:
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2 terms to define
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5 identifications
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1 compare/contrast essay
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2 comprehensive essays on broad topics
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time: about 1 hour and 15 minutes (though we can
have the entire time to work)
Lecture notes: The
green text refers to slides displayed during recitation.
20th Century Architecture
"Paris Opera House,"
Charles Garnier, 1861-74
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Baroque features
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pavilions from French Baroque
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Neo-classical features
"Carson Pririe Scott Department
Store Building," Louis Sullivan, Chicago, 1890s (L)
"Wainwright Building,"
Louis Sullivan, St. Louis, 1890s (R)
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forerunner of our skyscrapers
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big windows
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some decoration remains, but more constrained
"Robie House," Frank
Lloyd Wright (FLW), Chicago, 1909
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started to establish an American style of architecture,
one not too dependent on European influence
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intersecting planes/lines
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thin planes
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innovative: three-car garage, central vacuum
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looking into/interacting with nature
"Falling Water,"
FLW, 1920s (?)
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planes/forms are thicker
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incorporating nature/water
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would have been impossible to build without concrete
"Guggenheim Museum," FLW,
1943-59
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forms thicker yet
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inverted cone
"Villa Savoye," Le
Corvusier, France, 1928-29
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inverted: garden on roof
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not harmonious with nature, but does incorporate
the garden
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machine aesthetic
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in an age the development of mass production machines
"Notre Dame du Haut,"
Le Corvusier, France, 1950s
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thinner than earlier work
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machine aesthetic pulled out of form
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bio-morphic
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windows punched out
International Style
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steel skeleton
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hanging walls of glass
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minimal decoration
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interior space flexible: for offices
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elegant materials
"Bauhaus,"
Walter Gropius, Germany, 1925-26
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school
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beginnings of International Style
"Seagram Building,"
Mies van der Rohe and Johnson, New York, 1956-58
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International Style 30 years later
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elegance of materials
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tinted topaz gray glass
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windows set in bronze frames
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on stilts (colonnade) like Villa Savoye
Paper Dreams...the art of architecture
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innovative designs that lack feasibility
"Project of the Monument
to the Third International," Vladimir Tatlin, 1920s
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planned to be 400 meters in height
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spiral frame for vehicles
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interior as glass-enclosed rotating buildings
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pointing to North Star
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monument to Communism
Late-
and Post- Modernism
"Pompidou Center,"
Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, Paris, 1970s
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rejecting elegance, sleekness, sheerness of International
Style
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inner structures (ducts, support) on the exterior
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cultural center
"Palmer Museum of Art,"
Pennsylvania State University, 1990s
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red brick section (entrance)
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post modern
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reaction to International Style
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not austere
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decorative qualities again
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look to many influence throughout history
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features not necessarily used in the intended way
(e.g. columns)
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