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American Studies 100 Monday, March 22nd, 1999 Announcements: Next Monday, March 29th, in class review for the 2nd mid-term Lecture notes:
Time Frames and People in the West
~ Estevanico arrives with the conquistadors to explore the Florida territory ~ One of four survivors of a group of 200 men ~ Captured by and escaped Native Americans numerous times, along the way learning 6 different native languages gains the trust of some Native American groups ~ Considered the first non-native to enter the American West ~ Estevanico chosen to find The Seven Cities of Savola (mythical cities) ~ Later killed by Native Americans in the Southwest
- Spanish - African Americans (mestizos)
- Example: Jim Beckworth ~ Born a Slave ~ Mother was black and father was white ~ Was a fur trader, trapper, army scout, Indian fighter, Indian Chief, etc. ~ Born in Virginia and escaped his apprenticeship in St. Louis and went to the frontier ~ Adopted by the Crow in Montana and stayed for six years ~ Became an Army scout against the Seminoles ~ Later killed by the Crow in an attempt to make him stay with them
- Intermarriage between Negroes and Seminoles - Many blacks fought with the Seminoles against the U.S. army - Relocated and decided to live on the Mexican border lands - U.S. wants to remove Comanche from the West and recruits the Seminole - Negroes - Eagle's Nest Battle - April 25, 1875 - Many Seminole Negro Indian Scouts received the Congressional Medal of Honor Women in the West
- Taught school, lived with the families of the children they taught - If they decided to marry, they would most likely be out of a job
- Dangerous to send single women to Native American tribes
- Material evidence exists of this trade, such as advertisements - Some women made enough money to become entrepreneurs -Relationship between Madame and her girls is nothing like we believe. The Madame would do anything to keep her girls dependent upon her, including drugs.
- Biggest fear among them was Native American attacks and rape, but they should have feared disease more than attacks - Example: Jeanne Riker ~ Her father, two brothers and she were resting at the bottom of the Cascades ~ Her father and brothers went out to hunt and never returned ~ Did not find them and for a week sat in self pity and prayed for a quick death ~ After that week, she began to work and made a shelter for herself for the winter ~ Native Americans led her across the Cascades in the Spring - Example: The Donner Party
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